作者：胡继云
单项填空题是高考试题中一直采用的一种题型,但近年的命题原则已经转向/"突出语境,强化语意,强调运用/",在特定的语境中考查考生对语法、词汇的识记与理解以及语用能力。同学们在此类题目上费时较多,但得分率往往不高。因此,笔者建议同学们在做高考单项填空题时,采用以下方法,可以取得事半功倍的效果。
一、领悟语境 推敲语意
从近年高考单项填空题来看,题干信息足,语言真实、地道。答题时,我们必须要读完全部信息,整体理解,领悟语境,掌握语意,敲定答案。如:
1. -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
-No, I ________. Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
C. hadn/'t been invited D. didn/'t invite
分析:从语境看,George and Lucy是在上星期结婚了,我没去是因为我没有被邀请,/"没有被邀请/"应该发生在他们结婚以前,所以要用过去完成时态,答案为C。
2. -You were out when I dropped in at your house.
-Oh, I ________for a friend from England at the airport.
A. was waiting B. had waited
C. am waiting D. have waited
分析:从两个人的对话中,我们知道当/"我/"去/"你/"家拜访时,/"你/"不在家,而在机场等一位朋友,/"在等朋友/"当然要用过去进行时态,答案为A。
二、排除错项 锁定答案
在解题时,同学们要根据试题要求,结合所学知识,排除四个选项中的错误选项,缩小选择范围,锁定正确答案。如:
3. You should try to get a good night/'s sleep ________ much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter what C. although D. whatever
分析:空格后是形容词,排除B 、D项,although是连词,放在这里明显不对,答案选A,因为只有however后可以跟形容词或副词。
4. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________.
A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else
分析:空格前有否定词nor,其后不能再用否定词,排除C、D项,此处的/"任何其他人/"应不包括/"我/"在内,A项也排除,答案只能选B。
三、找信息词 寻突破口
寻找信息词是解答单项填空题的重要方法之一。同学们在解题时,一定要弄清楚命题人要考查的知识点,缩小思考范围,以最快速度找到解题的突破口。如:
5. -There is coffee and tea; you can have ________.
-Thanks.
A. either B. each C. one D. it
分析:从题干中的coffee and tea,我们可以知道是从这两者中选一个,所以答案为A。
6. -Has Sam finished his homework today?
-I have no idea. He ________ it this morning.
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
分析:题干第二句话中的this morning是信息词,从题干语境来看,我不知道他今天的家庭作业是否做完了,但他今天上午在做,所以空格处的时态应该用过去进行时,答案为C。
四、句型结构 牢记心中
句型结构的正确掌握对语言的运用十分必要,因为,高考单项填空题少不了这类试题。碰到这类试题时,同学们要快速从题干中找到句型结构,以便做出正确选择。如:
7. To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train ________ travel by air.
A. as B. to C. than D. while
分析:读完题干就应该能抓住此题题干句型:would rather...than...,抓住了句型,答案自然明了,空格处应填C。
8. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
分析:题干主要句型是:have a (hard) time doing something /"费事(劲)做某事/",答案选D。
五、分析成分 解题常用
明确句子成分,特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分,对于我们做出正确选择非常有用。如:
9. I think Father would like to know ________ I/'ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why C. what D. how
分析:分析句子成分可知,to know后是一个宾语从句,答案非C莫属。
10. The Foreign Minister said, /" ________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace./"
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
分析:said后面是一个宾语从句,宾语从句中的主语是that the two sides will work towards peace,空格处应该是形式主语,所以答案选D。
六、 逻辑推理 别忘用上
高考单项填空题在考查语言知识的同时,还注重对学生整体逻辑关系,特别是上下文关系把握的考查。因此,同学们在解题时,一定要理解和掌握语言的内在含义和内在的逻辑关系,只有做到这一点才能解答好此类题。如:
11. -I/'m taking my driving test tomorrow.
- ________!
A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Come on D. Congratulations
分析:这是一道情景交际题,其中一人说/"我明天要考驾照。/"如果选A , C或D ,明显答非所问,空格处应是/"祝你好运/",前后语意逻辑才一致,所以答案选B。
12. You ________ be tired-you/'ve only been working for an hour.
A. must not B. won/' t C. can/' t D. may not
分析:从题干第二句话中的working for an hour可以看出,/"你不可能疲惫了/",这样才符合前后逻辑,答案选C。