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  • 高一英语重点词语用法5

    日期:2005-05-10  作者:


    1.reach 的用法
    reach [ri:tM] vt. 到达,抵达。表示到达之意的还有 arrive at (in) , get to 等。例如:
    ① The president reached Beijing by special plane yesterday.
    总统昨天乘专机到达北京。
    ② We reached here Thursday morning. 我们是星期四早晨到达这里的。
    ③ Dr Bethune arrived in Yanan in the spring of 1938.
    白求恩大夫于1938年春到达延安。
    ④ When did you arrive in Europe? 你何时到达欧洲?
    ⑤ She was always the first to arrive at the workshop. 她总是第一个来到车间。
    ⑥ They arrived at the station at two o/'clock. 他们两点钟来到车站。
    ⑦ We must get to the airport before 8.我们必须在八点钟前到机场。
    ⑧ When did you get home yesterday? 你昨天什么时候到家的?
    ⑨ “When did the train arrived?” “Half an hour ago.”
    火车何时到达的?半小时之前。
    【注意】在指到达一个洲、国家、城市等大地方时,arrive后多用in;而在指到达一个小地方时,多用at。但如将一个城市当作一个点看待,也可用
    at。例如:
    ① Mary arrived in Shanghai last month. 玛丽上月到达上海。
    ② We arrived at the small village in the evening. 我们傍晚到达那个小村庄。
    ③ The train arrived at Jinan at ten o/' clock. 火车十点钟抵达济南站。
    2.discover 的用法
    discover [dis/'k)v+] vt. 发现(已存在但并不为人所知的事,通常指地方或科学事实);知道。discover的基本用法如下:
    1)跟名词或代词:
    ①It was Madame Curie who discovered the element radium.
    是居里夫人发现了镭元素。
    ② Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
    2)跟从句:
    ① It was discovered that our food was running short. 我们发现粮食快完了。
    ② We discovered that he was an enemy spy. 我们发现他是一名敌特。
    3)跟带连接词的不定式:
    ① We never discovered how to open the box. 我们找不出打开盒子的方法。
    4)跟复合宾语:
    ① We discovered him to be an enemy spy. 我们发现他是一名敌特。
    ② We discovered them sitting around a fire talking.
    我们发现他们围坐在篝火旁谈话。
    3.both [b+uI] 的基本用法
    1)both 用作连词。通常与and连用,构成“both…and…”形式,意为“……和……两者都”,使用时,both和and后面一般都跟着相同词类的词。例如: ① She both plays the piano and sings. (both+ 动词+ and+ 动词)
    她既弹钢琴,也唱歌。
    ② She plays both the piano and the guitar.
    (both+名词;and+名词)
    她既弹钢琴,也弹吉他。
    2)both用作代词。常位于连系动词之后,或实义动词之前;但若当动词是由几个部分组成时,both则放在第一个助动词之后。此外,它可用作主语。如:
    ①They are both absent. (同位语)他们俩都缺席。
    ②They both agree to stay. (同上)他们俩都同意留下来。
    ③We have both studied French.
    我们两个人都学习过法语。
    3)both还可作形容词。其用法和either相似,但both后面接复数名词,either后面只接单数名词。如:
    ①New cities came into being on both sides of the Great Wall. (=New cities came into being on either side of the Great Wall.)
    长城的两边出现了崭新的城市。
    4)both的全部否定,应用neither或not…either;而both…not却是部分否定。如:
    ①Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard.
    (=Either of them was not in good health, but both worked very hard.)
    他们俩身体都不好,但都努力地工作。 ②Both of them are not teachers. 他们俩并非都是教师。
    4.room [ru:m] 的基本用法
    1)room可以用作不可数名词,意为“(未占用的或可利用的)空间;地位;余地”。例如:
    ①Is there room for me? 还有我的地方吗?
    ②It/'s polite for the youth to make room for the old in the bus.
    在公共汽车上为老人让路是有礼貌的。
    ③There/'s plenty of room for the desks. 有足够的空地方放课桌。
    ④There/'s room for three more. 还有三个人的位置。
    ⑤I haven/'t much room to move here.
    我这儿没有多少活动余地。 ⑥Can you make room for another?
    你还能腾出一个(或一件东西)的地方吗?
    ⑦This table takes up too much room----we/'d better put it out. 这张桌子占的地方太大,我们最好把它搬到外头去。
    2)room可以用作可数名词,意为“房间,室;一套房间;寓所”。例如:
    ①How many rooms are there in this hotel? 这家饭店里有多少房间?
    ②This room is a very pleasant one. 这个房间很舒服。
    【注意】与room常合成的词有:bathroom 洗澡间;sitting-room 起居室;dinning-room 饭厅;schoolroom教室
    5.prepare的用法
    prepare [pri/'p#+] vt. & vi. 准备
    1)跟名词或代词(可有较活译法):
    ①Please prepare the table for dinner. 请摆好桌子吃晚饭。
    ②Mother is preparing us a meal. 母亲正为我们做饭。
    2)跟不定式:
    ①They are busy preparing to go on holiday. 他们正忙着准备休假。
    3)prepare for引起的短语表示“为……做好准备”。
    ①We were given two days to prepare for the examination.
    给了我们两天时间准备考试。
    ②Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.
    [谚]存最好的希望,准备应付最坏的情况。
    6.way的用法 1)way(意为“方法”)经常不用介词。例如:
    ①I think you/'re putting it together (in) the wrong way.
    我认为你把它装错了。
    ②Do it any Way you like. 你爱怎么干就怎么干。
    在有关从句的句子里,我们在way后面常用that来代替in which。
    例如:
    ③I like the way (that) she organized the meeting. 我喜欢他组织会议的方法。
    2)way后面可跟“带to的动词不定式”结构,也可跟“of+ -ing”结构。两者之间没有重要区别。例如:
    ①There/'s no way to prove he was stealing money. 无法证明他在偷钱。
    ②There/'s no way of proving he was stealing money.
    无法证明他在偷钱。
    3)不要混淆in the way和on the way:in the way是用来谈障碍--------阻止你到想去的地方的人或物;on the way意为“在途中”。试比较:
    ①Please don/'t stand in the kitchen door----you/'re in the way.
    请不要站在厨房门口--------你挡了我的路。
    ②Let/'s not stop too often on the way. 咱们别老在途中停留了。
    7.offer的用法
    offer作为及物动词,有以下几种意思:
    1)提供,提出。如:
    ①The young man offered the old woman his own seat.
    那位年轻人把自己的座位让给那位老大娘。 2)出价,开价(常与介词for连用)。如:
    ①I offered him £10,000 for the house.
    我出价一万英镑向他买那座房子。
    ②I offered him the house for £10,000.
    我以一万磅的价格把那座房子卖给他。
    3)表示愿意做某事(常与不定式连用)如:
    ①We offered to go with him. 我们表示愿意和他一道去。
    ▲另外,offer也可作为名词用,意思是“提供”,“提供的事物”。如:
    ①You ought to accept the offer. 你应该接受这个提议。
    8.turn 一词的几种常见用法
    1)Take turns to do, take turns at doing 或do …by turns 都表示“轮流做某事”的意思。It/'s one/'s turn to do… 表示“轮到某人做某事”。注意表达时turn 一词的单复数形式。如:
    ①Take turns to offer each other the foods in Part 2 in pairs.
    两人一组,轮流请对方吃第二部分列出的食物。
    ②They took turns to keep watch.
    他们轮流站岗。(=They kept watch by turns.)
    ③We take turns to make/ at making dinner.
    我们轮流做晚饭。(=We make dinner by turns.)
    ④The two drivers took turns at driving the truck.
    两个驾驶员轮流开车。(=…drove …by turns.)
    ⑤It/'s your turn to recite the passage. 轮到你背诵这篇短文了。
    ⑥Whose turn is it to speak now? 现在轮到谁发言了?
    【注意】 Wait your turn是“等着轮到你”的意思,这里wait后不能接for。
    Wait your turn = Wait until it is your turn.
    2)turn = become,用作连系动词。如:
    ①In autumn the leaves turn brown. 秋天树叶变黄。
    ②Ice turns into water when (it is) heated. 冰加热变成水。
    ③Three years later, he turned thief/ doctor.
    三年后他变成了贼/医生。
    【注意】句③中,turn接表示主语身份的名词时,该名词前不带冠词。
    ▲说“情况变得更糟了”,英语是 get worse 或 turn for the worse,而个说 turn worse.
    3)turn out表示“结果……”,如:
    ①The project turned out (to be) a failure.
    计划结果失败了。(to be可省略)
    ②The day turned out to be a fine one. 结果那天是个晴天。
    ③I hope everything will turn out fine/ well/ all right. 我希望一切都会好的。
    4)turn up = appear, be found 表示“出现”。如:①He promised to come, but so far he hasn/'t turned up yet.
    他答应来的,可到现在还没出现。
    ②I expect the missing watch will turn up one day.
    我希望那块丢失的手表哪一天会出现。
    ③Tom is always waiting for something to turn up.
    Tom总是等待着好运会降临。
    5)其它turn所用于的情况:
    ①Don/'t always turn to the dictionary when you come to a new word.碰到生词时不要总是查词典。
    ②Don/'t turn to him for help. 不要求助于他。
    ③He turned the key in the lock. 他用钥匙开门。
    ④Turn over the page. 翻过一页。
    ⑤The doctor turned him over and looked at his back.
    医生把他翻过来查看他的背。 ⑥Turn it round and let me see the other side. 把它转过来,让我看另一面。⑦Turn away from the light. 背过光去。
    ⑧Turn down the radio/ light. 把收音机音量放小些/把灯调暗些。⑨Turn your pocket inside out. 把你的口袋翻过来。
    ⑩Turn the bottle upside down. 把瓶倒过来。
    (11)She was angry and turned her back to me. 她生气了,背对着我。(12)Turn your eyes this way. 朝这边看。
    9.ship 作为动词的用法
    1)ship作为及物动词,意思是“用船运送”、“运送”。如:
    ①They shipped the machine from Shanghai to Tianjin last week.他们于上星期用船把那台机器从上海运到天津。
    ②Did he ship the goods by train or by plane?
    他是用火车还是用飞机运送那批货物的?
    2)ship作为不及物动词,意为“上船”、“乘船”、“在船上工作”。如:①He said good - bye to his family and shipped out for England.他向家人道别,乘船到英国去了。
    ②He shipped as cook. 他在船上当厨师。
    重要词组短语
    1.be made into, be made of, be made from 和be made up of 的用法区别
    1)be made into意思是“被制成”。如:
    ①In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.
    在世界许多地方玉米被制成粉。
    ②We can make glass into different kinds of things.
    我们可以把玻璃制成各种东西。
    2)be made of原为 be made out of, out常被省略。这一短语表示成品制成后,仍保留了原材料的形状,制作过程仅发生了物理变化。如:
    ①The desks and chairs are made of wood. 这些课桌都是木头制成的。
    ②The cloth is made of cotton. 这种布是用棉花制成的。
    3)be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外性和特性,原料在制作过程中发生了化学变化,从成品已无法辨认。如: ①Gas is made from coal. 煤气由煤制成。
    ②This kind of wine is made from rice. 这种酒是米制成的。
    4)be made up of是“由……组成”的意思。如:
    ①The article is made up of four parts.
    这篇文章由四部分组成。
    ②The sports team is made up of twenty members.
    这支运动队有二十人组成。
    【注意】be made of,be made into和make …into…许多时候可互换使用。
    如:
    ①Bread is made of flour.
    =Flour can be made into bread.
    =We can make flour into bread.
    =We can make bread (out) of flour.
    2.help oneself 的用法
    help oneself是固定用法,可单独使用,也可和介词to连用。主要有四种含义:
    1)serve oneself (with food or drink) 自用(食物等)。如:
    ①There is some bread on the table. You may help yourself to it. 桌子上有面包,你自己拿去吃吧!
    ②----Can I have a drink?
    ----Help yourself.
    “我可以喝点吗?”
    “别客气(随便喝吧)!”
    ③“Jill, help yourself to the pancakes. They are delicious”. 吉尔(自己)拿些煎饼吃吧!非常好吃!
    2)take for (oneself), esp. dishonestly, 擅自取用。此时,to后宾语不一定是食物类,而可以泛指其他各种物品。如:
    ①The money was on the table and no one was there, so he helped himself (to it). 桌上有钱,左右无人,于是他就拿走了。
    ②Before leaving, father warned me against not to help myself to the medicine in the box on the shelf. 出门前,父亲再次警告我不要拿放在架子上盒子
    里的药。
    【注意】 help sb to sth表示“替别人取食物等。”如:
    ①May I help you to some more meat? 我帮你再拿些肉好吗?
    3.动词时态和by引起的时间状语
    by引导的时间状语,有“在某时前、到某时为止”、“到某时”的意思,所修饰的谓语动词的时态既取决于by短语,指过去、将来还是现在,也取决于谓语动词是动作动词还是状态动词。详述如下:
    1)by引导的时间状语表示过去某一时间
    (1)如谓语动词是动作动词,该动作到by短语所示时间时已经完成,则用过去完成时。如:
    ①By the time he was ten, he had already built a chemistry lab for himself.
    到了十岁时,他为自己建了一个化学实验室。
    (2)如谓语动词是动作动词,该动作到by短语所示时间时尚在进行之中,则用过去进行时。如: ①By seven o/'clock, the wind was blowing harder than ever.
    到七点时,北风比以往吹得更强劲了。
    (3)如谓语动词是状态动词,表示到by短语所示时间时存在的状态,则用过去时。如:
    ①By that time the Japanese were already very near.
    到那时,日本人已经很近了。
    ②By then he knew what he wanted to be when he grew up.
    到那时,他知道他长大后要干什么。
    (4)如谓语动词是状态动词,表示到by短语所示时间时该状态已延续若干时间,则用过去完成时。这时,另有一个表示一段时间的状语,说明该状态延续的时间长度。如: ①By the end of last month, my brother had been on that ship for two years.
    到上月底,我兄弟在那艘轮船上已有两年了。
    2)by短语表示将来某一时间
    (1)谓语动词如果是动作动词,则用将来完成时或一般将来时,表示到by短语所表示的时间时该动作将完成。如:
    ①Quite often you/'ll find the unknown word comes again, perhaps several times and by the end of the chapter you/'ll have guessed its meaning.
    你常常会发现,那个不认识的单词会再次出现,也许会多次出现。到全章快读完时,你就会猜出这个词的意义了。
    ②We will have the work completed by noon tomorrow.
    到明天中午我们将把工作做完。
    在主动词为过去式的宾语从句中则用过去将来时。如:
    ③Mrs Adams thought the movie would be finished by 10:30 p. m. 亚当斯认为电影到晚上十点半会结束。
    (2)如谓语动词是状态动词,则用一般将来时,表示到by短语所示时间将出现的状态。如:
    ①Your son will be all right by supper time.
    到吃晚饭时你儿子(的病)就会好了。
    ②He won/'t be here by this time tomorrow.
    明天这个时候他还不会到这里。
    3)by短语表示现在
    如谓语动词是动作的动词,则用现在完成时,表示到现在该动作已完成。如: Perhaps she/'s recovered by now. 也许现在她已恢复健康了。
    4.be able to与can的用法区别
    be able to表示能力,意思上与can没有区别,但can只有现在式和过去式(could),而 be able to则有更多的形式,体现在be的时态变化上。例如:
    ①No one is able to do it. (= No one can do it.) 没人能做这件事。
    ②We shall be able to finish the work next week.
    我们下周将能完成这项工作。
    ③I haven/'t been able to find the book. 我没能够找到那本书。
    常用句型结构
    1.as…as…中第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词,其基本用法如下:
    1)如果我们要说两个东西在某方面是一样的,同我们就可以用as…as… 加一个原级形容词或副词。如:
    ①It/'s as cold as ice. 它象冰一样冷。
    ②He drove as fast as he could. 他尽可能快开。
    在非正式文体中,第一个as往往省略。美国英语尤其如此。例
    如:
    ③She/'s bard as mails. 她冷酷无情。
    如果第二个as后面跟的是人称代词,可以用主格(I,he,we等),也可以用宾格(me,him,us等)。在正式的文体中多用主格(as clever as I),但在非正式的讲话或文字中,宾格较为普通(as clever as me)。
    【注意】在作否定的比较时,可用not as…as…,也可用not so…as…。在现代英语中,两者都是正确的。例如:
    ④She/'s not as/ so nice as her sister. 她不如她姐姐好。
    2)如果涉及数量,我们可以用as much …as…或as many …as…加一个名词。
    例如:
    ①I haven/'t got as much money as I thought.
    我没有原来想象的那么多钱。
    ②We need as many records as possible.
    我们需要尽量多弄到一些唱片。
    ▲as much和 as many也可用作代词,后面不跟名词。如:
    ③I ate as much as I could. 我放开肚子大吃了一顿。
    ④He didn/'t catch as much as he/'d hoped.
    他没有得到预期的那么多。
    ▲as much还可以用作状语,来修饰某个动作或状态。如:
    ⑤You ought to rest as much as possible. 你应当尽量多休息。
    3)as…as还可以与twice,three times等连用,也可以与half,a quarter等连用。例如:
    ①I/'m not going out with a man who/'s twice as old as me.
    我不愿意和一个年纪比我大一倍的人一起参加社交活动。
    ②We got three times as many people as expected.
    来的人超过我们预料人数的两倍。
    ③You/'re not half as clever as you think you are.
    你可不象自己想象的一半那么聪明。
    2.“too…to…”意为“太……以致于不能……”。例如:
    ①He/'s too old to work. 他太老了,不能工作了。
    ②It/'s too late for the pubs to be open.
    天太晚了,酒馆不会营业了。
    ③It/'s too heavy for you to lift. 太重了,你提不起来。
    【注意】当glad,eager,easy,pleased等形容词放在“too…to…”结构中的“too”后时,其后的不定式短语往往含有肯定意义。例如:
    ①I am too eager to join the Youth League. 我非常渴望加入共青团。
    ②I am too glad to meet you. 见到你我非常高兴。
    3.感叹句的两种形式
    感叹句由 What或 How引导。What后接名词;How后接形容词或副词。构成以下句型:What+a(an)+(adj.)+可数名词单数;What+(adj.)+可数名词复数或不可数名词以及How+(adj. & adv). +句子。例如:
    ①What an interesting film we saw yesterday!
    昨天我们看的电影真有趣!
    ②What delicious beancurd you offered me!
    你给我的豆腐真好吃!
    ③How delicious the soup is! 这汤真香!
    ④How hard the farmers are working in the fields!
    农夫们在田野里干得多起劲!

    Tags:用法 词语 重点 英语 高一
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