作者：荆棘
第九单元易混词语辨、练、析
作者：陈光明
一、 issue; problem
1. They have published a lot of new books on international _____.
2. Measures have been taken to solve traffic ______ in big cities.
3. I don/'t want to make a(n) ______ of it. I don/'t want to hurt you.
4. -I/'ve left my money at home.
-That/'s no _____. I can lend you some.
5. Our homework consists of ten _____ to solve.
6. My kid brother is a real ______.
Key: 1. issues / problems 2. prob-lems 3. issue 4. problem 5. problems 6. problem
【简析】issue意为/"议题；争论点/"，强调急需讨论研究、争论、争辩(如1和3)。problem 意为/"难题；困难/"，强调有难度，需要考虑、关注及解决（如1，2和4）；也作/"（需要做的）习题或（数学）题/"解（如5）；还可作/" 构成问题的人；引起麻烦的人/"解（如6）。
二、 wipe away; wipe off; wipe out
1. The smile ________ his face.
2. We tried to _________ all signs of our presence.
3. She ________ the tears.
4. You must try to _______ the memory of these terrible events.
5. The climbing was so tiring, and I _______ when I got to the top.
6. The paint won/'t _______ easily.
Key: 1. was wiped off 2. wipe away 3. wiped away 4. wipe out 5. was wiped out 6. wipe off / be wiped away
【简析】wipe away作/"擦掉；清除掉/"解，运用较为广泛（如2）。wipe off也可作/"擦掉；抹掉/"解，但wipe off可用作不及物动词(如6)，也可把off用作介词（如1）。wipe out 意为/"消灭；去除（多为某种不好的东西，如4）；擦洗......的内部/"，也可作/"使精疲力竭/"解（如5）。
三、 defend; protect
1. The country can/'t _______ against a nuclear attack.
2. When the dog came at me I picked up a stick to ______ myself.
3. May God _______ you from harm.
4. They _______ their goal with great skill during the last season.
5. Wearing dark glasses can _______ your eyes from the sun.
6. She _______ herself successfully in court.
7. The insurance policy _______ you against injury.
Key: 1. be defended 2. defend 3. protect 4. defended 5. protect 6. defended 7. protects
【简析】defend 意为/"防御；保卫；保护/"，强调通过作战、反击等方式(如1和2)；也可作/"（体育上）防守(球门等)/"解(如4)；还可作/"为......辩护；为(论文等)答辩/"解（如6）。protect也可作/"保护；防护/"解，主要指用通过警惕、警卫、覆盖等方式(如3和5)，也可表示/"为......保险/"(如7)。
1. All too often, global development means that rich people get richer while the poor get poorer. 全球发展常常意味着富人更富，穷人更穷。
1) all too... 是习惯用语，意为/"实在太....../"，常用于all too often（时常），all too soon（太快）等固定搭配中。例如：
All too often, Tom came to ask me for money. 汤姆经常来向我要钱。
2) mean作动词用时，后面常接to do sth.或V-ing形式。一般来说，mean to do sth.多表示/"打算做某事/"，而mean doing sth. 则大多表示/"意味着做某事/"。当然，有时为了结构的对应关系，mean to do sth.也可表示/"意味着做某事/"，但mean doing sth.一般不表示企图或打算做某事。例如：
Missing the bus means waiting for one more hour. 错过了这班公共汽车意味着要再等一个小时。
I had meant to meet you at the station, but I was delayed by a business meeting. 我本打算去车站接你，但因为一个业务上的会议而耽搁了。
2. With better education, people will be able to build a better society in harmony with nature and perhaps put an end to the death and suffering caused by the big three. 教育改善之后，人们将能够建设与大自然和谐相处的美好社会，也许还能消灭由三大公害带来的死亡和痛苦。
1) in harmony (with...)意为/"（与......）和谐；（与......）谐调。例如：
They have been living in harmony with each other for many years. 多年来，他们一直相处得很融洽。
2) put an end to后接名词性宾语，意为/"结束（某事）/"，可与make an end of或put a stop to替换使用。例如：
Let/'s put an end to the dispute and discuss the problem rationally. 让我们结束争论，理智地讨论一下这个问题吧。
The government is determined to put an end to terrorism. 政府决心遏止恐怖主义活动。
3. Among the speakers was China/'s then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world. 演讲者中有中国当时的总理朱镕基，他强调世界范围内的平等与公正。
1) 以上句子是一个完全倒装结构。引起倒装的原因是由于表示范围的
Among the speakers位于句首。
2) 句中的stress是动词，意为/"强调/"。例如：
The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud. 英语老师强调了朗读的重要性。
作及物动词时，stress还可表示/"加压力于......；使紧张/"。例如：
The weight of snow stressed the roof to the point of collapsing. 积雪的重量压得屋顶快要塌了。
4. And if poverty is less of a problem and people are better educated, there is a good chance that we will see less violence and fewer wars. 如果贫困的问题得到改善，人们的教育程度得以提高，就有可能会减少暴力和战争。
There is a chance (that)... 句型中的chance表示/"可能性/"，相当于possibility。例如：
There is a chance that the sick child will get well. 那个生病的孩子有可能会康复。
由chance构成的常用短语有by chance，意为/"偶然地；意外地/"。例如：
I met her quite by chance. 我遇见她完全是偶然的。