作者：李林
无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高考试题,/"省略/"在单项填空中频频出现。本文结合高考试题,对/"省略/"考点加以透视,力求还其本来面目。
一、考查不定式结构中的省略
在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语或补足语的不定式再次出现时,不定式符号to后面的内容常常被省略,只保留不定式符号to。常用于动词refuse, would like, would love, wish, want, hope, expect, intend以及形容词afraid, happy, glad, willing, ready等之后。
[原题再现]
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
答案: A
注意:如果承前省略的不定式内容有be或作助动词的have时,不定式符号to后要保留be或have。例如:
-Are you a farmer?
-No, but I used to be.
二、考查替代省略
用it, one, that替代句子中重复出现的名词、代词或句子;用so, neither / nor引起的分句,表示前面的情况也适用于后者。
[原题再现]
①We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ________ from some wood we had.
A. it B. one C. himself D. another
②-I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!
-________.
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I
答案:① B ② B
三、考查答语中的省略
1. 有时为了避免重复,可用so或that作替代语,替代前面所说的内容。可用于动词think, believe, hope, suppose, expect, guess, imagine以及be afraid, of course, certainly, perhaps等后面。
[原题再现]
-You haven/'t lost the ticket, have you?
-________. I know it/'s not easy to get another one at the moment.
A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, I/'m afraid so
答案: A
2. 含有情态动词的答语中可以使用省略回答,只保留情态动词;情态动词后有be或作助动词的have时,保留be或have。
[原题再现]
-I don/'t mind telling you what I know.
-You ________. I/'m not asking you for it.
A. mustn/'t B. may not C. can/'t D. needn/'t
答案: D
3. 疑问句中的省略回答。
[原题再现]
①-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
-Why ________? John is sitting there doing nothing.
A. him B. he C. I D. me
②-What do you think made Mary so upset?
-________ her bicycle.
A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
答案:① D ② C
4. 祈使句中的省略回答。
[原题再现]
-Write to me when you get home.
-________.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
答案: C
四、考查状语从句中的省略
在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或者是it,从句中谓语动词又含有be的某一种形式时,可以省略从句中的主语和be。
[原题再现]
Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
答案: C