作者：籍万杰
插入语是一种独立成分,与句子的其它成分一般没有语法上的关系,大都是对一句话作一些附加说明或解释。它通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,位置较为灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面以高考题为例,谈谈插入语的用法。
一、形容词(短语)用作插入语
常见的形容词有strange(奇怪的),sure enough (果然),worse still (更糟糕的是),even better(更好的),strange to say(说也奇怪), needless to say(不用说), most important of all(最为重要的)等。例如:
Sure enough, enemy planes came again the next day. 果然敌机第二天又来了。
Strange, he often forgot to turn off the lights. 真奇怪,他经常忘记关灯。
[原题再现]
Greenland, ________island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers.
A. it is the largest
B. that is the largest
C. is the largest D. the largest
答案:D
二、副词(短语)用作插入语
常用作插入语的副词有indeed(的确), surely (无疑), however(然而), obviously(显然), frankly(坦率地说), naturally(自然), luckily / happily for sb.(算某人幸运), fortunately(幸好), strangely(奇怪), honestly(老实说), briefly (简单地说)等。
[原题再现]
Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ________, neither of them could swim.
A. In fact B. Luckily
C. Unfortunately D. Naturally
答案:C
三、介词短语用作插入语
常用作插入语的介词短语有in a few words / in sum / in short (简而言之),on the contrary(相反), in other words (换句话说), in a sense (在某种意义上), in general(一般说来), in my view (在我看来),in conclusion (总之), in summary(概括地说), in fact(事实上), at first (首先), in addition (此外), of course(当然),to my joy / delight / satisfaction. (使我欣慰 / 高兴 / 满意的是), for instance / example(例如),as a matter of fact (事实上) 等。
[原题再现]
① Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has ________IQ.
A. a high B. a higher
C. the higher D. the highest
② Your performance in the driving test didn/'t reach the required standard- ________, you failed.
A. in the end B. after all
C. in other words D. at the same time
③ Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ________, of course , made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
答案:① B ② C ③ D
四、不定式短语用作插入语
to be frank (坦率地说),to tell (you )the truth (老实说),to be sure (无疑地), to sum up (概括地说)等。例如:
That/'s a wonderful idea, to be sure!这个主意好极了,肯定的!
To sum up, success results from hard work.总之,成功来自于努力。
五、分句用作插入语
常用作插入语的分句有:I think(我认为),do you suggest / suppose (你建议 / 猜测),I hope (我希望),I/'m afraid (恐怕),what/'s more (而且),what/'s worse (更糟糕的是),you see (你知道),I am sure(我可以肯定地说),I wonder(我不知道), that is (也就是说),it seems(看来是),as I see it(照我看来),what is important (重要的是),believe it or not (信不信由你)等。
[原题再现]
① As I know, there is ________ car in this neighborhood.
A. no such B. no a
C. not such D. no such a
② It is so nice to hear from her. ________, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A. What/'s more B. That is to say
C. In other words D. Believe it or not
③ ________ be sent to work there?
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
④ -How do you ________ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
-I think we/'d better fly there. It/'s much more comfortable.
A. insist B. want
C. suppose D. suggest
⑤ She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ________ 50 million.
A. have reached B. has reached
C. are reaching D. had reached
答案:① A ② D ③ A ④ D ⑤ A
六、有时说完一句话之后,再补充几个词或一句话,以作进一步解释说明,这也是一种插入语,前面常用破折号。
[原题再现]
① Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare-you must learn to ________.
A. support B. care
C. spare D. share
② If you want help-money or anything, let me know, ________ you?
A. don/'t B. will C. shall D. do
答案:① D ② B