作者:董明义
1. used to do sth. 表示/"过去常做某事/"; be / get used to (doing) sth. 表示/"习惯于做某事/"。例如:
I used to smoke, but I have given it up two years ago.
He is used to doing some exercises before breakfast.
2. 句型/"so + 连系动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词 +主语/"是主谓倒装结构,表示所提到的情况与前面的相同,其中so代表上文中所叙述的情况,表示/"也是这样、也是如此/"。例如:
You went home yesterday. So did I.( = I went home, too.)
与此句型相似的结构/"so + 代词(主语)+连系动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词/",是正常语序,表示说话人同意或赞同对方所说的情况,主语与前句的主语一致。意思为/"是的;确实如此/"等。例如:
A: He is a good boy.
B: So he is. (是的。)
3. although引导让步状语从句,意为/"尽管/"、/"虽然/"。汉语中/"虽然......,但是....../"常连用,而英语中although不能与but连用,二者在同一句子中只能用其一。例如:
Although he is not rich, he is happy. / He is not rich, but he is happy.
4. not only..., but also...意为/"不但......,而且....../",用来连接两个并列的成分,当连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词一般与后一个主语在人称、数上保持一致。例如:
Not only you but also I am wrong.
5. 21-year-old是由/"数词 + 名词 + 形容词/"构成的复合形容词。当其中词与词之间使用连字符后,year不可再用复数形式。
6. be afraid of sb. / sth. 意为/"害怕/",后面可接/"人/"或/"物/"。be afraid of doing sth.和be afraid + 动词不定式都表示/"害怕做某事/"。be afraid + that从句,表示/"恐怕;担心/",常表示带有歉意的回绝或告知不好的消息, that常省略。例如:
I/'m afraid (that) it will rain tonight.
7. because of是复合介词,意思是/"因为;由于/",后面可接名词或代词。例如:
The football match was put off because of the rain.
because是连词,引导原因状语从句,后面跟句子。例如:
I went home because I was tired.
8. 介词in, on, to都可用来表示方位。介词in用于表示/"在某个地方之内/";介词on表示/"两个地方毗邻/";介词to表示/"在某一地方之外,且不相毗邻/"。例如:
Taiwan is in the southeast of China. (台湾在中国的境内)
Russia is on the north of China. (俄罗斯与中国接壤)
Japan lies to the east of China. (日本与中国不接壤)
